The Legislative Framework
The Schedule to the Education and Care Services National Law (WA) Act 2012 (the National Law) and Education and Care Services National Regulations 2012 (the National Regulations) and the Child Care Services Act 2007 and regulations made under it provide the legislative framework for the Department of Communities (the Department) to protect and promote the best interests of children who attend education and care services and licensed child care services (hereafter referred to collectively as services) in Western Australia. The Department does so through its Education and Care Regulatory Unit (ECRU) and officers of the Department under delegation from the CEO of the Department, who is also the Regulatory Authority for the purposes of the National Law.
All services must operate in accordance with the relevant Act and in compliance with the relevant regulations and any condition(s) imposed and must also be provided in a way that:
- protects children from harm
- safeguards and promotes children's wellbeing
- respects children's dignity and privacy
- provides positive experiences and stimulates and develops children's creative, emotional, intellectual, physical, recreational, and social potential.
In administering the legislation, ECRU will not knowingly allow the wellbeing of children attending a service to be compromised and seeks to:
- protect children from harm or continuing harm
- stop unlawful conduct
- ensure future compliance with the law
- raise awareness of legislative requirements through publication of enforcement outcomes and use of other compliance tools
- deter and punish serious offences.
Paying particular attention to areas of high risk to children, or that impact on the provision of care, ECRU has developed this Compliance and Enforcement Framework (the framework) to ensure a consistent and transparent approach to encourage and enforce compliance with the legislation and associated regulations that:
- implements initiatives that promote and encourage compliance; and
- maintain a strong but flexible enforcement regime.
To achieve this, ECRU is committed to:
- developing collaborative relationships, both internally and externally, built on trust and respect
- providing effective leadership and direction through planning, setting priorities, and managing staff and resources efficiently
- maintaining credibility and accountability by implementing practices that ensure independence and objectivity in compliance measures and including achievements and outcomes in our reports.
Who is involved in compliance?
Approved providers, licensees and ECRU are involved in the assessment and enforcement of compliance for services within Western Australia.
1. Approved provider or licensee of service
Approved providers, people with management and control and licensees are expected to have a sound working knowledge of the legislation and relevant regulations and be able to interpret and apply them in undertaking the day-to-day activities associated with managing and operating a service. They also have rights and obligations in relation to the compliance which includes the right to due process and an obligation to be truthful.
2. Education and Care Regulatory Unit
ECRU administers the legislation and relevant regulations and proactively supports the compliance process. Under each Act, officers (known under the National Law as 'authorised officers' and under the Child Care Services Act 2007 as 'licensing officers') have powers to enter, inspect and acquire information from a service and to investigate an allegation of non-compliance.
Officers visit services to monitor compliance and conduct assessment and rating. Officers also provide appropriate support, advice and guidance if required. During a visit should a non-compliance issue be identified they will record this information and it will be managed in line with the framework. In response to minor non-compliance issues officers will provide advice and education.
Initiatives to encourage and promote compliance
As services seek to ensure compliance, a range of strategies will be implemented by ECRU. This includes providing support, advice, and guidance to encourage and promote compliance with the Acts and regulations. ECRU will provide appropriate information and education to ensure all stakeholders understand their obligations and responsibilities.
1. Education
ECRU is committed to undertaking a range of education initiatives to inform approved providers, licensees and other education and care personnel of their obligations and responsibilities.
- Publications – guidelines and email bulletins to support providers/licensee's awareness of their responsibilities.
- Information and advice – ECRU provide information, support and advice about the legislation and regulations to approved providers, licensees, services and other stakeholders.
2. Focus on high-risk areas
As non-compliance in high-risk areas poses a risk to children's safety, health, and wellbeing, ECRU is committed to:
- monitoring trends relating to non-compliance in high-risk areas
- working with services and approved providers to understand why non-compliance occurs
- working in collaboration with the education and care sector to develop strategies that address high-risk non-compliance
Data and other critical information relating to non-compliance will be evaluated and discussed with stakeholders to develop appropriate strategies.
3. Support to sector regarding legislative change
ECRU is committed to ensuring that when legislation or regulations change:
- adequate information and advice is provided to approved providers, licensees and the education and care sector
- it works with the sector towards the achievement of common goals
- relevant transitional arrangements are adopted with appropriate phasing-in periods.
4. Natural justice
ECRU will not consult with an approved provider or licensee on whether ECRU will investigate a matter, nor on how ECRU will conduct its investigation. However, ECRU will:
- ensure that approved providers or licensees are given an opportunity to answer any allegations before any decisions about sanctions are made
- consider any submissions or proposals made by an approved provider or licensee that may have a bearing on ECRU’s decision
- where a sanction is a form of notice, inform the person receiving the notice of any right of review the person has under the relevant Act
- abide by all requirements of the State Administrative Tribunal Act 2004 or Criminal Procedure Act 2004 with respect to the conduct of any application for disciplinary action or prosecution it undertakes.
5. Continuous evaluation
ECRU is committed to ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the framework to identify successes and areas for improvement and revise accordingly.
Strong, but flexible enforcement initiatives
ECRU is committed to a strong, but flexible enforcement regime and has a range of initiatives to support this.
1. Risk assessment approach
ECRU will undertake a risk assessment of any substantiated non-compliance to determine whether the continued provision of the service constitutes, or would constitute, an unacceptable risk to the safety, health and wellbeing of the children attending the service. All actions undertaken by ECRU will be based on the outcome of such an assessment and will be proportionate to the level of risk, with high-risk non-compliance resulting in the most serious sanctions.
2. Effective investigation procedures
ECRU will apply effective investigation procedures that balance maintaining public confidence in the administration of the law with other relevant considerations. This includes considering whether the investigation is in the public interest.
ECRU will pay particular attention to non-compliance with the legislation and relevant regulations that jeopardise children's safety, health, or wellbeing, including:
- unapproved or unlicensed child care, or contravention of licence/approval conditions
- child abuse and neglect allegations
- unsafe (including insecure) or unhygienic buildings or facilities
- child numbers and staffing levels and qualifications not in accordance with requirements
- failure of a Responsible Person to be present at the service as required
- employment or unauthorised presence of person(s) without a current National Police Certificate or valid Working with Children Card or convicted of a criminal offence
- failure to notify the Department where required and in particular where the health or safety of a child may be affected
- failure to keep records or details that may affect the health or safety of a child, or falsification or unauthorised disclosure of such records.
3. Inspections
Routine monitoring will occur for all services. This will include annual visits and spot checks.
ECRU will conduct targeted inspections of services deemed to be high risk, including unannounced or announced visits and will rigorously investigate any non-compliance or complaint.
4. Targeted campaigns
Evidence based planning for targeted campaigns will rely on intelligence gathered about the nature and level of compliance in the education and care sector and will include a research and analysis process to identify any patterns or trends in compliance with legislation, or poor service quality provision.
Targeted campaigns may range from having a purely educational focus to an intensive compliance assessment approach which assesses compliance with a range of regulations.
5. Compliance tools and actions
Where an investigation discloses a breach or breaches of the legislation ECRU will use a consistent approach in deciding on the appropriate action.
The legislation provides ECRU with an extensive range of approaches and tools to use when addressing non-compliance. The choice of approaches and tools used will depend on individual circumstances and context. When a non-compliance is identified, its significance is evaluated to determine the most appropriate response.
Any action taken by ECRU will aim to ensure that any impacts resulting from the non-compliance are minimised, that the non-compliance is rectified, and that the compliance action taken is proportional to the seriousness of the non-compliances and takes into account a person’s compliance history. More than one compliance action may be taken with respect to non-compliance. Continuing non-compliance will inevitably lead to more serious compliance actions being taken.
Administrative Action
In cases where ECRU is satisfied there is non-compliance but where there is no serious risk to children and the approved provider or licensee does not have an ongoing history of non-compliance of that kind, ECRU may issue a confirmed breach letter. This letter confirms an internal finding by ECRU that is not published or publishable.
Under the National Law, ECRU may take other administrative actions such as:
- caution letters
- monitoring plans
6. Statutory Actions
If the breach is more serious or if previous administrative actions have not resulted in change, ECRU may use specific statutory administrative actions provided under the National Law:
- imposing an infringement notice for a breach
- issuing an emergency action notice
- issuing a compliance notice or compliance direction
- imposing licence or approval conditions
All statutory actions other than infringement notices and compliance directions are publishable. ECRU would usually publish on its website the fact the action has been taken and why, and if relevant how the licensee or approved provider has responded to the action.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the administrative and statutory actions and within any specified time frame will result in more serious compliance action.
Applications to the State Administration Tribunal for disciplinary action / Criminal Prosecutions
Under both the Child Care Services Act 2007 and the National Law ECRU may apply to the State Administrative Tribunal. ECRU can ask the Tribunal to impose one or more sanctions against an approved provider, licensee, or managerial officer for contraventions of the relevant Act and/or regulations. The sanctions include reprimands, financial penalties, and orders to take certain actions, or refrain from taking certain actions. Under the Child Care Services Act 2007 the Tribunal may suspend or cancel a licence and disqualify persons from being managerial officers.
These sanctions are civil sanctions and do not lead to a person receiving a criminal record, although the sanctions may, in certain circumstances, result in them not being permitted to be involved in the provision of a service. ECRU retains the ability to institute criminal prosecutions for contraventions of the legislation and regulations. In practice this would likely only occur where the Tribunal does not have jurisdiction over the matter, or where the misconduct was intentional or reckless, intentionally seeking to mislead ECRU, or was otherwise so serious ECRU considered it should be the subject of criminal prosecution.
Where a comprehensive investigation reveals evidence of a breach, ECRU may apply for disciplinary action where the breach or contravention has, or has potential to, have an immediate risk to enrolled children's health, safety or wellbeing. ECRU may also apply for disciplinary action in circumstances where other administrative sanctions have been applied and the contravening behaviour has continued.
Before taking such action, ECRU considers the public interest, including the following factors:
- whether the alleged conduct caused or could have caused serious harm to the health, safety or wellbeing of a child
- the age and vulnerability of enrolled children affected or potentially affected by the breach
- the degree of the approved provider’s or licensee's culpability in connection with the alleged breach
- whether the alleged offender has failed to meet previous undertakings, or refused to address ECRU’s directives to rectify non-compliance on this and/or on previous occasions
- the need to ensure consistency in the application of the legislation
- the need to clarify the interpretation and application of a provision of the legislation or regulations
- the prevalence of the alleged breach and any perceived need for punishment or deterrence, either personal or general
- the attitude of the parents of enrolled children to a disciplinary action or to prosecution
- the need to maintain public confidence in the approval and licensing regime
- whether an application for disciplinary action or prosecution would be perceived as counter-productive to the interests of justice
- the prospects of proving the contravention, as discussed in the Director of Public Prosecution Guidelines
- whether the likely length and expense of a defended hearing is proportionate to the seriousness of the alleged contravention
- the availability or appropriateness of any alternatives to an application for disciplinary action or prosecution whether the regulatory and/or investigation functions have been obstructed or hindered and/or false information has been provided to ECRU
Suspension of approval on notice / Prohibition of individual on notice
ECRU may also suspend a service approval or provider approval on any of a number of grounds set out in the National Law. Unless there is an immediate risk to children, prior to suspending an approval, ECRU must first issue a "show cause notice" to the approved provider which sets out the reasons for the proposed suspension. The provider will have 30 days to provide a written response. ECRU must take the response into account when deciding whether or not to suspend.
ECRU may prohibit a person from being involved in any way in the provision of education and care if they pose an unacceptable risk of harm to a child or children if allowed to do so. ECRU may also prohibit a person from being nominated as a nominated supervisor if they are not a fit and proper person for that role. In either case ECRU will issue a “show cause notice” to the person and must take their response into account before deciding whether or to prohibit.
Immediate suspension / Immediate prohibition
If satisfied there is an immediate serious risk to the wellbeing of children enrolled at a service, ECRU may immediately suspend the service approval or child care licence.
Similarly, ECRU may immediately prohibit a person if satisfied that this is necessary in the interests of children’s safety, health or wellbeing.
Cancellation of approval
ECRU may cancel a service approval or provider approval on the grounds set out in the National Law. Prior to cancelling an approval, ECRU must first issue a “show cause notice” to the approved provider which sets out the reasons for the proposed cancellation. The provider will have 30 days to provide a written response. ECRU must take the response into account when deciding whether or not to cancel.
Enforceable undertakings
As an alternative to taking any of the other actions above, ECRU may accept undertakings from a person to take certain actions, or refrain from taking certain actions to comply with the National Law.
7. Communicate enforcement outcomes
ECRU will communicate details of enforcement outcomes to the sector to raise awareness of legislative requirements. For example:
- When an approved provider or licensee is fined by a court or tribunal for an offence against an Act or regulations, and the offence involves the safety health or welfare of particular children the parents of these children will be notified of that outcome.
- When an approved provider or licensee has been prosecuted or had disciplinary action taken against it, the details of these actions will be communicated to the general public, including by publishing on ECRU Enforcement Actions webpage on the WA Government’s website. Communities also uses media releases regarding these enforcement outcomes in accordance with the Regulation and Quality Media Statement Policy.
- Sector communications are also released to better inform the sector of any outcomes to serve as a means of education and deterrent.
8. Standards of practice
ECRU will develop and implement appropriate standards of practice for compliance and enforcement activities and enhance the effectiveness and integrity of compliance staff through training, regular review, and accountable decision-making. ECRU will:
- appoint staff with relevant experience
- develop and maintain clear guidelines and procedures
- provide ongoing training for staff.
9. Internal/external monitoring and review
ECRU will implement an internal and external compliance monitoring and review process to ensure that officers exercise their powers under the legislation appropriately and in accordance with policies and guidelines.
Internal review mechanisms include:
Internal audits of approval and licensing activities and decisions, including those matters that have not been referred for comprehensive investigation.
External review mechanisms include:
External review of administrative actions by the State Administrative Tribunal.
Other related resources
Further information is available in the Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA) Guide to National Quality Framework. In Section 5: Regulatory Authority Powers it discusses:
- Monitoring, compliance and enforcement;
- Offences; and
- Good regulatory practice
